Tom Terwilliger Commercial Real Estate Blog

Falling Interest Rates: Why Now May Be the Time to Re-Appraise Your Commercial or Agricultural Property

Mortgage rates have been quietly trending lower this fall. As of October 21, 2025, the 30-year fixed average dropped to around 6.17%, its best level in nearly a year. While homeowners are quick to jump at refinancing opportunities, declining interest rates can have just as much impact on commercial and agricultural real estate values.

Lower Rates Can Shift Market Values

When borrowing costs drop, capitalization rates often follow. That means the same income stream can now support a higher property value. For investors, this can be a window to sell, refinance, or expand holdings.

On the agricultural side, lower rates often spark stronger demand for farmland as both operators and investors find financing more affordable. A shift of even a half-point in lending rates can make a meaningful difference in what buyers are willing (and able) to pay.

Why You Should Consider a New Appraisal

1. Financing and Refinancing:
With banks easing lending terms, a current appraisal helps support collateral value and underwriting. It’s the first step to securing a lower rate or adjusting an existing loan structure.

2. Estate and Tax Planning:
Market changes can quickly alter estate valuations and depreciation schedules. An updated appraisal helps keep your documentation current and defensible.

3. Market Positioning:
If you own commercial property, now is the time to understand how your asset stacks up against recent sales and market trends.

4. Agricultural Transition or Sale:
Farm appraisals grounded in today’s market realities help families and investors make fair, informed decisions for purchases, transfers, or estate settlements.

The Bottom Line

Falling interest rates create opportunity — but also uncertainty. Whether it’s a warehouse in Grundy Center or a 160-acre farm in Brown County Minnesota, a professional appraisal ensures your decisions are based on current, verified market data.

At Appraisal Analysts, LLC, we provide independent commercial, industrial, and agricultural appraisals across Iowa and Minnesota.
?? 100 N. Phillips St. Suite #2, Algona, IA 50511
?? Call 515-395-8000
?? www.thecommercialappraiser.com


Posted by Thomas Terwilliger on October 22nd, 2025 9:35 AMLeave a Comment

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Why a CAGA-Certified Appraiser Is Essential for Business Equipment Valuations

When it comes to valuing business equipment, accuracy isn’t optional — it’s critical. A solid, defensible appraisal can mean the difference between securing financing, resolving a legal dispute, or making a costly mistake. Whether you’re valuing machinery, tools, vehicles, or restaurant equipment, a qualified, CAGA-certified appraiser brings the expertise and credibility that turn opinions into evidence.


What a Business Equipment Appraiser Actually Does

A business equipment appraiser determines the current market value of tangible personal property — items such as manufacturing machinery, farm equipment, construction tools, restaurant fixtures, or brewery systems.

Unlike a simple “estimate,” a professional appraisal involves detailed research of comparable sales, current market trends, and depreciation analysis. The process often includes on-site inspection and documentation of serial numbers, model years, and condition.

The final product is a defensible written report that meets both professional and legal standards — something you can present confidently to lenders, accountants, attorneys, or the IRS.


Why CAGA Certification Matters

The Certified Appraisers Guild of America (CAGA) is a nationally recognized organization that trains, tests, and certifies personal property and equipment appraisers.

A CAGA-certified appraiser is required to adhere to the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) and is held to a strict code of ethics. That means clients receive independent, unbiased opinions of value backed by verifiable data and professional integrity.

Here’s why that matters:

  • Credibility: Certification demonstrates that the appraiser is trained, tested, and recognized by peers and institutions.

  • Compliance: Reports are USPAP-compliant, meaning they stand up to audits, reviews, and legal scrutiny.

  • Experience: CAGA appraisers specialize across industries — from commercial and agricultural equipment to retail fixtures and specialized assets.

  • Defensible Documentation: Every report includes detailed data, photos, and methodologies that support the final opinion of value.


When to Get an Equipment Appraisal

A certified business equipment appraisal is essential for:

  • SBA or bank financing

  • Buy/sell agreements or ownership transfers

  • Estate, divorce, or litigation cases

  • Tax and depreciation schedules

  • Insurance documentation

  • Asset management or liquidation

In all these situations, credibility counts. A CAGA-certified report provides the confidence and defensibility your situation demands.


About Appraisal Analysts, LLC

Appraisal Analysts, LLC provides professional real estate and personal property appraisals throughout Iowa, Minnesota, and surrounding states. Led by Tom Terwilliger, CAGA, a Certified General Real Property Appraiser and CAGA-certified personal property appraiser, the firm specializes in commercial, agricultural, and equipment valuations.

With over 25 years of experience, Appraisal Analysts, LLC delivers accurate, USPAP-compliant, and defensible appraisals — whether it’s a 160-acre farm, an industrial facility, or an inventory of specialized machinery.

When accuracy and credibility matter, trust a certified appraiser who understands both real property and equipment valuation.


Agricultural Appraisals in Today’s Iowa & Minnesota Market

Understanding shifting land values and what it means for accurate appraisals in 2025

Agricultural land in Iowa and Minnesota enjoyed a strong decade, but 2025 is a transition year. After rapid appreciation, values are stabilizing—or softening slightly—depending on tract quality and location. Credible appraisals now require tighter market analysis, realistic income assumptions, and clear support for adjustments.

Current Market Snapshot

Iowa

  • 2024 ISU survey shows a statewide average decline of ~3% to around $11.5k/acre (all qualities).
  • USDA reports farm real estate near ~$9.4k/acre; average cash rent ~mid-$270s/acre.
  • Demand remains firm where supply is tight and yields were solid—especially near elevators and strong highway corridors.

Minnesota

  • Mixed picture: some regions up modestly, others easing; quality and proximity drive premiums.
  • Auctions show averages in the high-$8k to ~$10k/acre range, with top counties >$11k for prime tracts.
  • USDA indicates gradual cropland increases, but micro-markets vary widely.

What’s Driving the Change

  1. Interest Rates: Elevated financing costs cool leveraged demand and pressure cap rates.
  2. Tighter Margins: Softer commodity prices + higher inputs squeeze net income.
  3. Limited Supply: Few listings; nearby/contiguous tracts still bid up by operators.
  4. Quality & Location Premiums: CSR2/CPI, drainage/tile, field shape, access, and storage matter more.
  5. Micro-Markets: County-level averages hide big differences by township and corridor.

Key Appraisal Considerations in 2025

  • Sales Comparison First: Use the best verified sales; expand geography if volume is thin. Document rationale.
  • Market Condition (Time) Adjustments: Apply trend factors when sales timing spans the softening period.
  • Income Approach Discipline: Separate cash rent vs. crop-share; underwrite realistic yields, expenses, and vacancy/turnover risk.
  • Soil-Based Segmentation: Analyze by CSR2 (IA) or CPI/NCCPI (MN). Don’t blend dissimilar classes.
  • HBU Near Growth Edges: Consider transitional/amenity influences (lakes, highways, development pressure).
  • USPAP Support: State data limits, summarize verification, and show how adjustments were derived.

Market Outlook

Baseline expectation: flat to modest declines near term—not a crash. Prime, well-drained, contiguous tracts should remain resilient. Average ground without improvements or with access/drainage issues faces the most pressure. Watch interest-rate moves, export demand, and farm bill provisions; any shift there can reprice land quickly.

Bottom Line

This is a selective market. The spread between top-tier and mid-tier ground is widening. Credible agricultural appraisals in Iowa and Minnesota now hinge on micro-market insight, disciplined income underwriting, and transparent adjustment support.



Written by Thomas L. Terwilliger
Certified General Appraiser • Iowa & Minnesota Markets


Understanding Commercial Real Estate Appraisals in Iowa and Minnesota

Commercial real estate plays a critical role in the economies of Iowa and Minnesota. From light industrial shops on the edge of small towns, to main-street retail buildings, grain bin sites, and mixed-use properties, each asset has its own market forces at play. Whether you’re buying, selling, financing, settling an estate, or planning for the future, a professional commercial real estate appraisal provides the foundation for sound decision-making.

Yet, many property owners and investors misunderstand what goes into a commercial appraisal—or why it matters. Unlike residential appraisals, which often rely on standardized forms and cookie-cutter comparables, commercial assignments are tailored, data-driven, and require a deep understanding of the property type and its market. Here’s what you should know.


Why Commercial Appraisals Matter in Iowa and Minnesota

Commercial appraisals in this region are commonly used for:

  • Financing and Refinancing
    Lenders depend on independent appraisals to ensure that loan amounts are supported by current market value. This applies whether you’re refinancing a Main Street storefront in a small town or financing the expansion of a light industrial shop along a highway corridor.

  • Acquisitions and Dispositions
    Buyers and sellers across Iowa and Minnesota use appraisals to guide pricing and negotiations. In many cases, properties involve multiple parcels, mixed uses, or older improvements with varying levels of deferred maintenance.

  • Estate Planning and Step-Up in Basis
    It’s common in both states to obtain retrospective (historical) appraisals for estate settlement or step-up in basis for tax purposes—especially for farms, legacy commercial buildings, or family-held investment properties.

  • Litigation, Divorce, and Partition
    Independent appraisals provide objective value opinions used in court proceedings and legal settlements.

  • Tax Assessment Appeals
    Property owners often commission appraisals to challenge inflated assessments, particularly on special-use or under-performing properties that don’t fit standard mass appraisal models.


The Appraisal Process

  1. Engagement and Scope Definition
    The appraiser defines the property rights being appraised (e.g., fee simple or leased fee), the effective date, intended use, and type of value (typically market value). This step is especially important when multiple parcels or partial interests are involved, which is common in rural and semi-urban properties.

  2. Property Inspection and Data Gathering
    A thorough on-site inspection documents the property’s physical condition, layout, and functionality. Data collection follows—pulling assessor cards, zoning and use information, aerial maps, lease agreements, historical income and expense data, and local market indicators.

  3. Market Research and Analysis
    Appraisers analyze local and regional market trends, zoning regulations, land use patterns, population shifts, and economic drivers. In Iowa and Minnesota, this might involve examining agricultural influences, proximity to highway systems, regional manufacturing trends, or small-town retail dynamics.

  4. Application of Valuation Approaches

    • Cost Approach – Commonly applied to newer industrial shops, utility buildings, or special-use structures where land value is measurable and cost data is reliable.

    • Sales Comparison Approach – A key method for vacant commercial sites, older retail buildings, or light industrial properties. Comparable sales are carefully adjusted for size, location, utility, and condition.

    • Income Capitalization Approach – Essential for investment properties such as leased warehouses, multi-tenant retail strips, or office buildings. Income streams are capitalized using market-derived cap rates from similar regional sales.

  5. Reconciliation and Final Value Opinion
    The appraiser reconciles the indications from the applicable approaches, weighing each based on its relevance to the property type and assignment. The final opinion of value is supported by data and clear analysis.


Regional Market Characteristics

  • Iowa: Commercial activity is heavily influenced by agriculture, transportation routes, and small manufacturing. Many towns rely on highway corridors for retail and industrial growth. Older main street commercial buildings often require functional obsolescence adjustments.

  • Minnesota: Markets range from small agricultural towns to suburban industrial parks and regional trade centers. Zoning differences between counties can significantly affect highest and best use analyses, particularly in fringe development areas.

  • Rural vs. Urban Dynamics: Properties in rural areas often have fewer recent sales, which means appraisers must dig deeper into historical data, paired sales, or regional benchmarks. Urban and suburban properties may rely more heavily on income data and investor expectations.


Common Misconceptions

  • “The appraiser sets the value.”
    Appraisers don’t dictate value—they interpret market evidence to develop a credible opinion.

  • “Any sale is a good comparable.”
    In commercial appraisal, comparables must be carefully vetted for conditions of sale, highest and best use, and physical utility. A property 50 miles away might be more relevant than one down the street if market conditions align better.

  • “One size fits all.”
    Each property type requires a different analytical approach. For example, valuing a leased grain bin site in Iowa is nothing like appraising a vacant commercial lot in suburban Minnesota.


Why Experience Matters

Commercial real estate in Iowa and Minnesota involves unique challenges—mixed-use sites, agricultural influences, older improvements, or complex ownership structures. Certified General Appraisers with deep local knowledge can navigate these nuances, apply appropriate adjustments, and produce defensible value opinions that withstand scrutiny from lenders, attorneys, courts, and taxing authorities.


Final Thoughts

A commercial real estate appraisal isn’t just a formality—it’s an essential decision-making tool. In Iowa and Minnesota, where markets can shift quickly between rural, suburban, and agricultural contexts, having a clear, well-supported value opinion protects your investment and ensures you’re working from solid ground.

If you’re planning a transaction, financing, estate settlement, or appeal, working with a seasoned Certified General Appraiser who understands the regional markets can make all the difference.


After seeing farm land values in Iowa and the rest of the country hit record high prices, lower commodity prices and high input costs are starting to put downward pressure on the price per acre of farm land. 

Here is a graph of all the sales in Kossuth County through the end of 2013 that were above $6,000 per acre and the trend is clearly dropping.  Demand is still strong for available land but prices are trending lower.

If you need your farm land appraised give us a call 515.341.3347 Tom.


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Posted by Thomas Terwilliger on March 4th, 2014 8:45 AMLeave a Comment

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October 1st, 2012 9:03 AM
Low interest and other factors are making this a very busy time in the world of real estate appraisal here in North Iowa.  We have been at times backed up 3 to 4 weeks with assignment. 

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Posted by Thomas Terwilliger on October 1st, 2012 9:03 AMLeave a Comment

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April 20th, 2011 1:23 PM

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Posted by Thomas Terwilliger on April 20th, 2011 1:23 PMLeave a Comment

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February 4th, 2011 10:46 AM

Algona Residential Trends

The 1st Quarter of the year in Algona showed a good comeback in residential sales compared to the previous two years. The $8,000 tax credit from the government stimulus program appears to have had an affect on the second quarter sales. Q3 is looking more normal in volume and p/sf and Q4 is a little off from years past in volume but p/sf is back to normal averages.

These sales are only arms length transactions, not foreclosure or family sales. Activity wise Q1 was slightly below normal, Q2 was above normal and the third and fourth quarters were closer to normal numbers. Average price per sq. ft. dipped in late 08 and early 09 and appears to be more normalized in 2010.

Annual totals of residential sales of arms length transactions is Algona were on their way back up towards more typical volume amounts. Average P/SF had a slight dip in 08 and 09 and is back in a typical range for Algona residential homes.

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Posted by Thomas Terwilliger on February 4th, 2011 10:46 AMLeave a Comment

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